Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Aug 1;37(17):1448-55.
Neurological Recovery Is Impaired by Concurrent but Not by Asymptomatic Pre-existing Spinal Cord Compression After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.Kubota K, Saiwai H, Kumamaru H, Kobayakawa K, Maeda T, Matsumoto Y, Harimaya K, Iwamoto Y, Okada S.
STUDY DESIGN.: An in vivo animal study to examine the influence of pre-existing or concurrent spinal canal stenosis (SCS) on the functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI).
OBJECTIVES.: To clarify whether spinal cord compression before or after SCI results in less favorable neurological recovery.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: The influence of spinal cord compression on the neurological recovery after SCI remains unclear.
METHODS.: We created mice with SCS using an extradural spacer before or after producing SCI and statistically analyzed the correlation between the extent of SCS and neurological outcomes. The extent of SCS was calculated by micro-computed tomography, and the spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured serially with laser Doppler flowmetry. Molecular and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to evaluate the neovascularization at the site of cord compression.
RESULTS.: Spacer placement (<300 μm) alone in the control mouse resulted in no neurological deficits. Even with spacer placement that caused asymptomatic SCS, the functional recovery after SCI was progressively impaired as spacer sizes increased in the mice with SCS co-occurring with SCI, whereas no significant impact was observed in the mice with pre-existing SCS, irrespective of the spacer sizes. The SCBF progressively decreased immediately after SCS was produced, but it fully recovered at the later time points. Angiogenesis-related genes were upregulated, and neovascular vessels were observed after producing the SCS. We found that concurrent SCS resulted in a significant reduction and impaired the subsequent recovery of the SCBF, whereas pre-existing SCS did not affect the hemodynamics of the spinal cord after SCI.
CONCLUSION.: The dynamic reduction of the SCBF occurring immediately after spinal cord compression is a significant factor that impairs the neurological recovery after SCI, whereas pre-existing SCS is not always an impediment due to the potentially restructured SCBF.
创伤性脊髓损伤后并发的脊髓受压可致神经恢复受损,而不是已有的无症状的脊髓受压引起的。
摘要
研究设计:一项在体动物实验研究了已有或并发椎管狭窄对脊髓损伤后功能恢复的影响。
目的:明确是脊髓受伤前还是受伤后脊髓受压阻碍了神经恢复。
背景说明:脊髓损伤后脊髓受压对神经恢复的影响机制仍然不清楚。
方法:在制作脊髓损伤前和损伤后,我们采用硬膜外隙建立小鼠椎管狭窄模型。统计学分析椎管狭窄程度和神经学结果的相关性。采用微机断层摄影术检测椎管狭窄程度,激光多普勒血流测定仪连续评估脊髓血流量。分子学和免疫组化检测评估脊髓受压点血管形成情况。
结果:在对照组中,单独放置间隔物(<300 μm )不会导致神经功能缺失。甚至放入间隔物会导致无症状性椎管狭窄,随着间隔物尺度增大,脊髓损伤后发生椎管狭窄的小鼠功能恢复进行性受损,然而已有椎管狭窄的小鼠,脊髓损伤后功能恢复无明显的影响,与间隔物大小无关。椎管狭窄后脊髓血流量立即进行性减少,但在最后时间点完全恢复。血管产生相关基因被上调,在椎管狭窄模型建成后发现有新生血管形成。我们发现并发椎管狭窄可明显减少和阻碍脊髓血流量的恢复,然而已有椎管狭窄的小鼠在脊髓损伤后不会影响脊髓的血流动力学。
结论:脊髓受压后立即出现的脊髓血流量动态性减少是一个重要因素,会影响脊髓损伤后神经恢复。然而已有的椎管狭窄在脊髓受压后不总是一种障碍,因为存在潜在的脊髓血流结构重塑。
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